UN nature talks hit financial roadblock

MEMBERS of indigenous communities react after their panel was adopted at the COP16 Summit.—AFP

CALI: The world’s biggest nature conservation conference closed in Colombia on Saturday with no agreement on a roadmap to ramp up funding for species protection.
With other successes under its belt, the 16th Conference of Parties (COP16) to the UN’s Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was suspended by its president Susana Muhamad as negotiations ran almost 12 hours longer than planned and delegates started leaving to catch flights.
The exodus left the summit without a quorum for decision-making, but CBD spokesman David Ains­worth told AFP it will res­ume at a later date to consider outstanding issues.
“We will continue working because this crisis is too big and we cannot stop,” Muhamad said after declaring the Cali COP closed.
The conference, the biggest meeting of its kind yet with around 23,000 registered delegates, was tasked with assessing, and ramping up, progress toward reaching 23 targets set in Canada two years ago to halt humankind’s rapacious destruction of nature’s bounty by 2030.
They include placing 30 per cent of land and sea areas under protection and 30 percent of degraded ecosystems under restoration by 2030, reducing pollution, and phasing out agricultural and other subsidies harmful to nature.
For this purpose, it was agreed in 2022 that $200 billion per year be made available to protect biodiversity by 2030, including the transfer of $30bn per year from rich to poor nations.
The total for 2022 was about $15 billion, according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
On top of that, nations have pledged about $400 million to a Global Biodi­versity Framework Fund (GBFF) created last year to meet the UN targets.
In Cali, negotiators were split largely between poor and rich country blocs as they haggled over increased funding and other commitments.
The biggest ask from the summit — to lay out a detailed funding plan — turned out to be a bridge too far.
Muhamad, Colombia’s environment minister, had offered a draft text proposing the creation of a dedicated biodiversity fund, which was rejected by the European Union, Switzerland and Japan.
Developing nations had insisted on the creation of a new fund, saying they are not adequately represented in existing mechanisms including the GBFF, which they say are also too onerous.
The meeting did manage to coalesce around the creation of a fund to share the profits of digitally sequenced genetic data taken from plants and animals with the communities they come from.
The Cali agreement determines that genetic data users whose income exceeds a certain threshold should contribute one percent of profits or 0.1pc of revenue to the new fund, potentially worth billions of dollars per year.
Delegates also approved the creation of a permanent body to represent the interests of Indigenous people under the UN’s Convention on Biological Diversity.
Representatives of Indigenous peoples, many in traditional dress and headgear, broke out in cheers and chants as the agreement was gaveled through.
Published in Dawn, November 3rd, 2024